scishop

On the flip side of things, I might prefer to see a candidate come up with something like this as first stab rather than that 35-line mammoth of an isPalindrome() function in the article.

  function isPalindrome(str) {
    return (str.split("").reverse()).join("") == str;
  }

No.

In Frequentist thinking; p=0.05 means that if there was in reality no difference in your A and B and you repeated the experiment many times, 5% of the observed differences would be equal to or greater than the difference you just measured.

No probabilistic statement about the results being correct or incorrect can be made from a Null-Hypothesis significance test.

Things that are likely to trip up new R programmers:

* Function arguments are always passed by value. Objects are copied if they are modified in a function.

* Function arguments are lazy evaluated.

* Watch out for automatic factor conversion when importing data. R will display your string data as text, but behind the scenes it will treat it as an integer.

* R is slow. Really, really slow. All your intensive calculations should be handled by libraries written in C, Fortran or some other compiled language. Your R code should be mostly for glueing things together.

No. It's completely context dependent.

A hill-climbing algorithm will take the lunch of every algorithm listed here if you have a clean convex optimization problem.