raviqqe42

We can still represent graphs expressing references explicitly, for example, using hash maps. Here, I just wanted to point out no circular references "on memory" in the language. It might be interesting for you to take a look at documentation of Rust or Koka and how they represent those data structures!

free time haha

IMO, dependency injection tries to solve similar problems which are traditionally tackled by purely function programming languages, such as side effect management, reliable unit tests, segregation of application logic and implementation details, and so on.

This is too rough but, in other words, dependency injection is simply a less strict or untyped version of effect system or purely functional programming.

I agree. It's not for everyone but there are many different kinds of developers.

If you are and can hire smart people who can use generics without introducing extra tech debt and complexity, I definitely recommend the ones with generics like Rust and Haskell. But the problem is that I'm not smart enough.