johnnymellor

The pdb REPL calls[1] the exec builtin as `exec(code, frame.f_globals, frame.f_locals)`, which https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#exec documents as:

"If exec gets two separate objects as globals and locals, the code will be executed as if it were embedded in a class definition."

And https://docs.python.org/3/reference/executionmodel.html#reso... documents that:

"The scope of names defined in a class block is limited to the class block; it does not extend to the code blocks of methods - this includes comprehensions and generator expressions since they are implemented using a function scope."

This is a fundamental limitation of `exec`. You can workaround it by only passing a single namespace dictionary to exec instead of passing separate globals and locals, which is what pdb's interact command does[2], but then it's ambiguous how to map changes to that dictionary back to the separate globals and locals dictionaries (pdb's interact command just discards any changes you make to the namespace). This too could be solved, but requires either brittle ast parsing or probably a PEP to add new functionality to exec. I'll file a bug against Python soon.

[1]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/25a64fd28aaaaf2d21fae...

[2]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/25a64fd28aaaaf2d21fae...

Quasi-Monte Carlo has a rate of convergence close to O(1/N), whereas the rate for the Monte Carlo method is O(N^(−0.5))

For such applications it's best to use quasi-random numbers (a.k.a. low-discrepancy sequences) such as the Halton sequence or the Sobol sequence instead of pseudorandom numbers.

Tabs Outliner is a separate window, since Chrome extensions can't add sidebars, so rather than using it as a tabbar replacement I tend to have multiple windows with less than 10 tabs, and open Tabs Outliner when I want a coherent overview (e.g. to quickly skim through my tab titles before closing them in bulk).