jbeda
Joined 17 years ago
Joined 17 years ago
Hope you are well!
3 things come together:
1. A Schema for a domain model. The canonical definition is a YAML file.
2. Tooling to lint and render a domain model. It can be rendered to Markdown for human (or agent) consumption.
3. A set of skills for creating and updating a domain model. No one wants to author YAML directly so let your agent do it for you!
The pattern that you see often with PaaS is that they work great until they don’t. When you want to do something that doesn’t fit the patterns that the PaaS was built for you are out of luck and pretty much have to drop down to VMs.
We aimed to have k8s be something that was in the middle. Generic enough to work with a large number of workloads while providing significant advantages above raw VMs (and a level of consistency across infra providers).
The tradeoff is that it is more complicated than the typical PaaS. That is the tradeoff. The goal then was to build kubernetes to be built upon. We never claimed to be solving the whole problem in one system.
This is similar, in some ways, to the design of Mesos. But to do something new with Mesos requires an entirely different “framework” that exposes its own API. You see this with things like Marathon or Aurora or Chronos. While the underlying scheduler was shared across these there was no common API and so it was difficult for users to mix/match across these.
By focusing on a consistent IaaS-ish API for k8s (and eventually, with CRDs, building extension mechanisms) we aimed to create an ecosystem of things building on k8s.
Whereas PaaS are often a framework where you put your code in and a lot of decisions were made for you, I always viewed k8s as a toolkit where you get a lot of powertools that you can use in various ways. It is a very different philosophy.
12 factor and Docker obviously play a big part of this. And those built on experience and systems that came before them. We are all standing on the shoulders of those that came before us.
For me, this API design experience was informed by my time at Microsoft. Things like VB and IE/web were very much, at that time a framework (the web is turning into a toolkit over time now). I saw, multiple times, how those things were super useful but were limited. Things like the CLR and the C# ecosystem evolved the VB model to be much more of a toolkit.
We see this also in the Java world. I’m not an expert there, but the move from app servers to things like Spring Boot also show the shift from framework to toolkit.
AWS itself is a toolkit. And IMO, the difference between something like lambda/faas and a PaaS is that lambda/faas only works when it is in context of the larger toolkit that is IaaS cloud.
(I’m one of the founders of k8s and ended up with quite a bit of screen time in the documentary. My only regret is that more people that were so important in the k8s community couldn’t be featured!)
One thing not mentioned here is the history of the "Byte Order Mark" (BOM) in unicode.
(Not an expert here but my understanding having lived it.)
You see, given UCS-2, there are 2 ways to encode any codepoint -- either big endian or little endian. The idea was then to create a codepoint (U+FEFF) that you could put at the start of a text stream that would signify what order the file was encoded in.
Wikipedia page: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark
This then got overloaded. When loading a legacy text format often times there is the difficulty of figuring out the code page to use. When applied to HTML, there are a bunch of ways to do it and they don't always work. There are things like charset meta tags (but you have to parse enough HTML to find it and then re-start the decode/parse). But often times even that was wrong. Browsers used to (and still do?) have an "autodetect" mode where it would try divine the codepage based on content. This is all in the name of "be liberal in what you expect".
Enter UTF-8. How can you tell if a doc is US ASCII or UTF-8 if there are no other indications in the content? How does this apply to regular old text files? Well, the answer is to use the BOM. Encode it in UTF-8 and put it at the start of the text file.
But often times people want to treat simple UTF-8 as ASCII and you end up with a high value codepoint in what would otherwise be an ASCII document. And everyone curses it.
Having the BOM littered everywhere doesn't seem to be as much of a problem not as it used to be. I think a lot of programs stopped putting it in and a lot of other programs talk UTF-8 and deal with it silently. Still something to be aware of though.
I previously worked for Google in Seattle. I started Google Compute Engine and helped start Kubernetes/Google Container Engine. At Google I've worked on Google Talk, VoIP, and ad suggestion systems. Before that I worked at Microsoft on IE and WPF/Avalon.
I'm a dad of two and my wife is a doc.
Blog: https://www.eightypercent.net
[ my public key: https://keybase.io/jbeda; my proof: https://keybase.io/jbeda/sigs/kYkVr97UkWrL9KyWVJPi74ElW-neJn5vPgm8YW0qeGY ]