I am really not sure where you get any of these ideas. For each of your critiques, there are not only discussions, but taxonomies of compendiums of discussions about the topics at hand on LessWrong, which can easily be found by Googling any keyword or phrase in your comment.
On "considering what should be the baseline assumption":
On the critique that rationalists are blind to the fact that "reason isn't the only thing that's important", generously reworded as "reason has to be grounded in a set of human values", some of the most philosophically coherent stuff I see on the internet is from LW:
On "considering what should be the baseline assumption":
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/epistemology
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/priors, particularly https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/hNqte2p48nqKux3wS/trapped-pr...
On the idea that "rationalists think that they can just apply rationality infinitely to everything":
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/bounded-rationality
On the critique that rationalists are blind to the fact that "reason isn't the only thing that's important", generously reworded as "reason has to be grounded in a set of human values", some of the most philosophically coherent stuff I see on the internet is from LW:
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/metaethics-sequence
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/human-values
On "systematically plan to validate":
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/rationality-verification
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/making-beliefs-pay-rent
On "what could hold true for one moment could easily shift":
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/black-swans
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/distributional-shifts
https://www.lesswrong.com/w/forecasting-and-prediction