The population indeed went up, and at the same time the fertility rate is declining. What Malthus was expecting is that more food would just lead to more people on the knife-edge of famine, and we're wildly far from that in most of the world. (What is paradoxical is that the USA is simultaneously very rich, has high obesity, and somehow manages to also have a huge problem with kids going hungry).
The very specific point I'm claiming is that the increased consumption isn't always unbounded.
The very specific point I'm claiming is that the increased consumption isn't always unbounded.