(b) all of classical physics is computable therefore
(c) thinking relies on non-classical physics.
(d) In addition, he speculatively proposed which brain structures might do quantum stuff.
All of the early critiques of this I saw focussed on (d), which is irrelevant. The correctness of the position hinges on (a), for which Penrose provides a rigorous argument. I haven't kept up though, so maybe there are good critiques of (a) now.
If Penrose is right then neural networks implemented on regular computers will never think. We'll need some kind of quantum computer.
(a) brains do things that aren't computable and
(b) all of classical physics is computable therefore
(c) thinking relies on non-classical physics.
(d) In addition, he speculatively proposed which brain structures might do quantum stuff.
All of the early critiques of this I saw focussed on (d), which is irrelevant. The correctness of the position hinges on (a), for which Penrose provides a rigorous argument. I haven't kept up though, so maybe there are good critiques of (a) now.
If Penrose is right then neural networks implemented on regular computers will never think. We'll need some kind of quantum computer.