z2trillion

From page two of the paper: "Low-period oscillators in Life, roughly p ≤ 15, can be found by playing with patterns by hand or using brute force computer searches. In 1996, David Buckingham demonstrated [6] using his “Herschel conduits” that one can construct oscillators with p ≥ 61 by sending signals around a closed track; the cutoff for systematically constructing oscillators was later improved to p ≥ 43, by Mike Playle’s discovery of the Snark [43]."

The bobbles retain their mass. There is a scene in the book where a bobble floats aways because it was created during the day, and at night the surrounding air cools enough for the bobble to effectively become a hot air balloon.

As far as I know, the book doesn't cover if the bobble retain their angular momentum or charge.

the iphone 14 is rumored to be notch-less.

I don't think the answer to 4 depends on the fill level of the vessels. All that matters is that the volumes of the liquids in the barrel and the glass are unchanged, so that volumes of the foreign liquids will be equal.

I think the confusion arises because because people (the author of the article included) confuse "color" and "spectral color". Spectral colors are what you when you look at light of a single wavelength, e.g. a green 520nm laser pointer. Not all colors are spectral colors, e.g. you'll see purple if you look at a source that produces 600nm and 450nm light, which is a color that can't be produced by any single wavelength.

Coming back to the color of the sun, it (the sun + the atmosphere) emits light over a range of wavelengths, which we usually perceive as white.