Recent submissions

Comment · 4 hours ago
Simple chemistry couldn't be considered intelligent- it's basically just falling down a potential energy gradient. It gets more interesting when you implement chemical logic (like transistors) and graphs of molecules that convert between each other, like autocatalytic networks.
Comment · 4 hours ago
See also: https://cyberneticzoo.com/cyberneticanimals/1969-the-logo-tu... In my gifted & talented class in the 80's we were introduced to computers and I remember seeing the picture of "Irving" and thinking "Wow, I should learn LOGO to program robots when I grow up" (unfortunately, recursion scared me so I switched to BASIC and later assembly).
Comment · 3 days ago
What do you mean "prozac is fluoride"? Its chemical structure contains a trifluoro group, but it's not fluoride... and you don't end up with extra fluoride in your system.

As a side note: I take prozac and it's far better than paxil (for me and many others). Has been transformative in my life.

Comment · 3 days ago
Going off of paxil was absolutely horrible, and at the time I did it, the psych community didn't believe that you experienced side effects during taper or discontinuing.

I have never in my life felt worse than when I was getting off paxil. Beyond the head zaps, it pervaded my intellectual with depression and anxiety.

Only after a few "head zaps" and other papers got published did the psych folks even listen to me about it, and then they were just sympathetic and tried to find me something else.

Comment · 3 days ago
Thalidomide is still prescribed.
Comment · 3 days ago
AlphaFold didn't solve a decades old protein folding problem. They substantially improved protein structure prediction but with important limits.

THe primary bottleneck for a drug is getting it through clinical trials. No matter how much you speed up lead detection, development, and in vivo studies, the bottleneck will still be clinical trials. Now, if we could make lead detection better at generating molecules that get through clinical trials, that's great- but it would take decades to know for sure. If we could make development less likely to produce toxic molecules that trigger the immune system, sure that's great- but again, we're talking decades before we know if it worked.

Attempting to improve clinical trials- well, those are already fairly well designed and run, but it's likely you could make improvements there too that increased efficacy. But again, you're still just dealing with the FDA, filing tons of paperwork, and tons of people looking at the paperwork. Unless you fix those systematic issues, we're not going to accelerate drug approvals.

Comment · 3 days ago
Yes, we explicitly avoided any kind of high concurrency/parallelism. That was an intentional decision, although note we did have a global torrent network across all the workers, whose topology (node interactions) formed an extremely complex graph.

I used to work in the MPI world on supercomputer jobs and it was miserable. I also worked on other high concurrency systems at Google (helped run the Ads DB, did training and engineering of Sibyl). I continue to insist these systems are incredibly simple compared to even the most basic human cells interactin g.

Comment · 3 days ago
The system I built was called exacycle. It ran as a borg job in every cluster we had access to, with priority 0 or 1, with N tasks (where N=# of machines in the cluster). Borg ran the "worker" task as long as there were resources free on the machine (often, several workers ran on the same machine, and no workers ran on other machines). There was a global schedulers that picked mini-tasks off a global queue and fed them to the cluster-level scheduler (batches based on instant resource availability, and subject to some data locality optimization) which then fed them to the machine workers.

At peak, we had 1-3 million xeon cores running our tasks (protein folding, protein design, drug docking), 24/7. This was before GPUs were really a thing. Each mini-task was basically a rosetta or gromacs or autodock binary running on local inputs and writing local outputs for ~1 hour using ~1GB RAM and no network. Input and output was via colossus, or distributed through a global torrent network (literally all 1-3 million cores formed a single data transfer group, with data passed between clusters at low probability).

I built most of the code of the system (which depended on Google infra) including the scheduler and the machine worker, and also ran the system as on-call "SRE" for 3 years. During that time, we nearly almost didn't take down the Google global network, and had small latency impacts on many services. Managing to run the system for so long without antagonizing ads or search or youtube was a major challenge.

I would say the complexity of the system I built (considering everything down to the OS) was roughly the level of a few human cells in a plate, in terms of interacting components and the complexity of their interactions.

Here are some of the publications that came from running exacycle (we provided strong evidence that using more compute improves outcomes in molecular simulations)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24345941/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24265211/

Comment · 3 days ago
Many lab experiments involve waiting for a period of time, and automating the steps before and after would be both expensive and failure prone.
Comment · 3 days ago
I interpreted the question more broadly, replacing "diesel" with "fuel".
Comment · 3 days ago
AlphaFold's goals were twofold (heh): demonstrate that protein structure prediction (for a subset of proteins) was solvable, and to accelerate drug discovery. As most people in the pharma field already know, PSP was never the gating step in getting drugs approved.
Comment · 3 days ago
I've done SWE work at the highest level (I ran a job that ran a worker on almost every idle machine at Google, and the workers formed a global torrent for data distribution). If you took all of Google's data centers in the world, along with their networks, it would be roughly the complexity of a few cells in the human body. Fortunately, with my training in biology, working on such simple data centers was pretty easy.
Comment · 3 days ago
I just have to point out: thalidomide is still prescribed as a drug for cancer and is very effective.
Comment · 3 days ago
Comment · 3 days ago
Robotech (the americanized version of Macross and some other anime) was broadcast on regular TV (local stations) in 1985. I watched the entire series (I was 12 at the time) with my jaw on the floor. Already The Last Unicorn had shown us what Japanese animation was capable of, and Robotech brought things up a notch (not in terms of animation quality, but in terms of story). Note that Robotech and the original Macross and other series are a bit different. We were watching akira by 1989 or 1990.

I distinctly recall that Robotech had a cross-dressing character well ahead of its time (for american audiences).

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