HamSession
Joined 14 years ago
Joined 14 years ago
[1] https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1405386 People with a gene that naturally produces lower ldl levels lead to less Hard CD events.
[2] https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6... Statins cause less heart disease and strokes even more than originally thought.
[3] https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6... Even if people with low risk factors cutting LDL with stains causes lower number of events
1. Under/over working out, especially for white men over working out can lead to increased shear stress on the arteries
2. Genetic familia hypercholesterolemia aka high cholesterol. This is caught by a blood test and fixed with statins.
3. High Blood Pressure again exams and medication
4. Size of ldl particles, this one is new
5. Genetic markers especially 9p21.3, sadly about a third of people have this marker. How it works we don't entirely know, but the best guess I've come up with is it has to do with interlukin
6 signaling which signals inflammation. Solution to this might be taking curcumin, lower weight, Mediterranean diet.
7. Low HDL again mostly genetic, niacin may help some as may exercise
From my research into the matter it seems that the initial damage is done via HBP, shear stress, or cell repair failure. Then inflammatory markers attach to site causing white blood cells and ldl to infiltrate between the inner and outer walls. Eventually the plaque grows and the inner wall continues to thin until one of two scenarios occur 1) hard cap forms (calcification) and the plaque grows until it restricts enough blood that it causes heart attack or 2) The much more dangerous scenario of the inner wall thinning and breaking causing a clot and instant heart attack. The bad part about 2) is that its undetectable except for angiograph or nuclear stress (treadmill can if the heart rate goes high enough and the doctor skilled at interpretation). Some hope for 2) is that statins seem to encourage calcification of those thin walls thus preventing the heart attacks.
This is just what causes the heart attack and the actual fix (stenting and balloon angioplasty) has its own issues. Where the only surefire fix after a heart attack is a bypass, but if more than 2 plaques are found you need to harvest veins which don't last as long. What the entrepreneur world needs to focus on in my opinion is easier at home detection of coronary plaques (sound, radar, electrical, magnetic, etc.). If the government got involved nanorobotics and bio compatible hearts could be explored along with angiogensis via external stimulation, but each of those would be a moonshot program.
I think you have your calculations off for the amount of energy required to store a human brain. Assume 8.6 x 10^10 neurons (more accurate number as its simple density measurement) each holding a 64-bit weight which gives us 5.5 x 10^12 bits. This multiplied by the lower bound e.g. k(1)ln2 or 9.56 x 10^-24 J, gives us 5.3 x 10^-12 J which is lower than the energy required to type a letter on this keyboard. Now even if we increase this by body temperature say 37 C we get 310.15 K or about 1.7 x 10^-8 J. This is of course a lower bound on the problem but even if you pump up the number of neurons or weight value you still get less than a joule of energy required.
If I'm interested in this technology how do you recommend learning the required techniques. As a machine learning engineer I know maths more then biology, but want to contribute to the open source movement. Where do you view the biggest impact of software/machine learning engineers can make to the open sourced biology movement?
Take for example soda, if I gave you a picture of soda in a glass could you tell it was diet or regular? You might scoff at such an edge case but it quickly becomes more common when looking into food perpetration techniques. This is why caloric estimation is a really difficult and causes restaurants to not list their calories as the calories of a meal do not equal the sum of it's parts.
All these solutions are common as people want a signal to tell them to stop eating, but these are insufficient as people will simply ignore it due to hunger cravings (as happens on diets). Any nutritionist service in addition to detailing calories would need to incentive the patient to recognize the need to lose weight or setup a helpline.
Note my thoughts are included and thought they might be of interest to anyone looking into this problem.
The field that will collapse the hardest is going to be data science. I speak to this as a data scientist, where most I meet don't have the knowledge to perform their duties. Eventually our salaries will decrease to those of traditional office workers/middle managers.
What is a engineer to do in this situation? The answer is to specialize, or gain exclusive access. Specialization is obvious, and exclusive access are things like clearances, certifications, and networks. Of course, this omits paths such as entrepreneurship.