Philosophy generally has its own language for talking about these kinds of problems, and generally its own starting points. Gilles Deleuze laid a lot of the groundwork for using ideas from chaos theory to work on philosophical problems during his life (starting with some of his work in the 1960-70s). Some links:
- http://www.protevi.com/john/DG/PDF/Remarks_on_Complexity_The...
- http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jipt.2010.0004
It could perhaps be useful to do similar work with computational complexity theory.