In modern (broadly speaking, postwar) Japanese, yes. However, during the Meiji era vast numbers of neologisms were minted from Chinese roots, and funnily enough, quite a few of them were imported straight back into Chinese! These include some amazingly common words like 文化 "culture", 革命 "revolution", 歴史 "history", etc.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary#Words_...