If you are able to get at the entire physical media then a certain combination of high and low bit writing is necessary or one can read some previous bits with specialized hardware. There is a DoD standard for writing enough combinations.
But with modern drives you are not getting at the physical layout. The drive may detect an error and remap surrounding data for you. Consequently, some data surrounding some badblock(s) in the past will potentially never be overwritten by your process. Someone with separate hardware or an alternate firmware could always retrieve it.
But with modern drives you are not getting at the physical layout. The drive may detect an error and remap surrounding data for you. Consequently, some data surrounding some badblock(s) in the past will potentially never be overwritten by your process. Someone with separate hardware or an alternate firmware could always retrieve it.