Comment by hagbard_c

Is it Developer mode those apps trip on or USB debugging? I've seen several examples of the latter but haven't come across the former yet. I run Google-free Android (14, 15, 16) devices which run the Swedish and Dutch banking and e-ID apps I use on, some of these only work when USB debugging is disabled while others don't care. Some of them complain about Google Play Services not being available but they run nevertheless, that warning is produced by some part of the SDK which gets imported at build time but it does not (yet...) disable anything.