Comment by gwlthr

Poland is an interesting market for BESS right now because it's still early days. The aFRR capacity market is mostly served by coal units, and only a few hundred MW of newly operational batteries are bidding against them. PSE buys roughly 400-500 MW of aFRR in each direction, so with several GW of batteries contracted in the capacity market for 2027-2030, reserve prices are likely to fall hard within a year or two. After that it becomes a market channel optimisation problem like in GB or Germany, which is a super interesting area to work in, IMO.