If the workload's network interface (ENI in AWS) is in a VPC that you manage, an outbound traffic filtering solution can prevent that. See AWS Network Firewall or the product we develop, DiscrimiNAT (https://chasersystems.com/), for example.
Rules can be per Security Group, too, for fine-grained access control. I would also strongly recommend that installation of dependencies is a build-time task, not a run-time task, and if those two stages are separated, it makes egress filtering a whole lot more effective since the build-time allowlists are often multi-tenant CDNs where a threat actor can host their own data capturing or malicious payload delivering service.
Rules can be per Security Group, too, for fine-grained access control. I would also strongly recommend that installation of dependencies is a build-time task, not a run-time task, and if those two stages are separated, it makes egress filtering a whole lot more effective since the build-time allowlists are often multi-tenant CDNs where a threat actor can host their own data capturing or malicious payload delivering service.