You don't have to just "stare" at the source; you can interact with it! Emacs is incredibly well documented and you can learn a ton with just C-h f (i.e. M-x describe-function) and C-h v (i.e. M-x describe-variable). In an Elisp source file, use those commands whenever you don't know exactly what a function or variable does. Read the description, and click on the hyperlinks to see the source. This is IMHO the best way to learn how to actually get things done. If you don't know what function or variable you're looking for, M-x apropos and its variants will be helpful.
I don't have a good reference (other than the Elisp manual) for high-level design patterns, but in general, Elisp is very flexible and already has what you'd need to implement any patterns you know from elsewhere. Decide on your data structures first. Probably the most important lesson you might not know yet is to use buffers, not strings, to do most text manipulation.
I don't have a good reference (other than the Elisp manual) for high-level design patterns, but in general, Elisp is very flexible and already has what you'd need to implement any patterns you know from elsewhere. Decide on your data structures first. Probably the most important lesson you might not know yet is to use buffers, not strings, to do most text manipulation.