>I thought the point of storing secrets in hardware TPM and not giving them out into userspace (i.e. passkeys instead of passwords) is protecting against malware as well.
This was never a design goal of passkeys as far as I'm aware, and normally passkeys are not generated or stored in a TPM. The primary design goal of passkeys was to make a phishing-resistant primary factor that could compete with the user experience and convenience of passwords, so that folks would actually be interested in using them.
I think you are thinking of security keys, which generate key material in e.g. a YubiKey which offer similar protections to a TPM.
YubiKeys can also be used to generate/store passkeys, but when they are used for passkeys typically they'd be referred to as "device-bound passkeys" rather than just "passkeys".
This was never a design goal of passkeys as far as I'm aware, and normally passkeys are not generated or stored in a TPM. The primary design goal of passkeys was to make a phishing-resistant primary factor that could compete with the user experience and convenience of passwords, so that folks would actually be interested in using them.
I think you are thinking of security keys, which generate key material in e.g. a YubiKey which offer similar protections to a TPM.
YubiKeys can also be used to generate/store passkeys, but when they are used for passkeys typically they'd be referred to as "device-bound passkeys" rather than just "passkeys".