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Comment by nayuki

Java made opaque types possible from the very start by private and package-private constructors.

It's sad to see that many features regarding object-oriented programming and static typing are implemented worse in Python than Java. Various examples: __str__() vs. toString(); underscore vs. private; @staticmethod/@classmethod vs. static; generic types are so clunky in Python; types are not shown in the official Python standand library documentation; __init__() doesn't force you to call super() whereas it's mandatory in Java; @override (Python 3.12; year 2023) copying Java @Override (JDK 1.5; year 2004) very late; convention changing from duck typing (always available in Python) to structural typing (optional in Python, mandatory in Java).

parent nayuki 5 months ago

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