I think knowledge of frontier research certainly scale with number of parameters. Also, US labs can pay more money to have researchers provide training data on these frontier research areas.
On the other hand, if indeed open source models and Macbooks can be as powerful as those SOTA models from Google, etc, then stock prices of many companies would already collapsed.
On the other hand, if indeed open source models and Macbooks can be as powerful as those SOTA models from Google, etc, then stock prices of many companies would already collapsed.