AMD's Am9511 floating-point chip (1977) acted like an I/O device, so you could use it with any processor. You could put it in the address space, write commands to it, and read back results. (Or you could use DMA with it for more performance.) Intel licensed it as the Intel 8231, targeting it at the 8080 and 8085 processors.
Datasheet: https://www.hartetechnologies.com/manuals/AMD/AMD%209511%20F...