Freshman university textbooks have what you need. Two of the most popular are:
- University Physics by Young and Freedman
- Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday, Resnick, Walker
- Modern Physics by Krane
You might guess that real physics is not actually in freshman textbooks, and you are right. Modern physics requires rigorous mathematics.
For a nonrigorous introduction/overview:
- The Road to Reality by Roger Penrose
If you want to actually learn almost all of physics at a high level:
- Course of Theoretical Physics by Landau
Note that Landau is extremely difficult.
If you want to learn the math needed for modern physics (topology) in the context of physics, nonrigorously:
- Geometry, Topology, and Physics by Nakahara
- University Physics by Young and Freedman
- Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday, Resnick, Walker
- Modern Physics by Krane
You might guess that real physics is not actually in freshman textbooks, and you are right. Modern physics requires rigorous mathematics.
For a nonrigorous introduction/overview:
- The Road to Reality by Roger Penrose
If you want to actually learn almost all of physics at a high level:
- Course of Theoretical Physics by Landau
Note that Landau is extremely difficult.
If you want to learn the math needed for modern physics (topology) in the context of physics, nonrigorously:
- Geometry, Topology, and Physics by Nakahara