An interesting project I stumbled upon recently is AirLoom[0], essentially a reverse literate programming tool. Rather having code and prose interweaved (either Knuth-style code-within-prose or doc-style/as-comments prose-within-code), you've them split in dedicated in segment-annotated code and prose referencing those segments. AirLoom can then produce a combined document with references replaced by the actual code segments. This allows using a normal programming environment (not possible in first approach) and being order independent (not possible in second approach).
[0]: https://github.com/eudoxia0/airloom