I don't know about this specific case but Debian and or Ubuntu having outdated software is a common Debian/Ubuntu problem which nearly always is cause by Debian/Ubuntu itself (funnily if it's outdated in Ubuntu doesn't mean it's outdated in Debian and the other way around ;=) ).
What else can they do then having a package for every distro?
https://podman.io/docs/installation#installing-on-linux
Including instructions to build from source (including for Debian and Ubuntu):
https://podman.io/docs/installation#building-from-source
I don't know about this specific case but Debian and or Ubuntu having outdated software is a common Debian/Ubuntu problem which nearly always is cause by Debian/Ubuntu itself (funnily if it's outdated in Ubuntu doesn't mean it's outdated in Debian and the other way around ;=) ).