Yeah its important to decompose those two sources (among others) of "money printing". The obvious one people think most about is when our federal government does it. But a more concerning one is: Enforced banking reserve ratios. If a bank holds a trillion dollars in assets and is allowed to hold a reserve ratio of 10%, they can print $10T out of thin air, because they're allowed to issue debt up to that amount.
As far as I'm aware, in 2020 the reserve requirement in the US was set to 0%, and it has not been changed since then.
As far as I'm aware, in 2020 the reserve requirement in the US was set to 0%, and it has not been changed since then.