Let's talk about colonization. The land of Israel, backwards through time:
21. Modern state of Israel
20. British mandate
19. Ottoman empire
18. Islamic Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
17. Ayyubid dynasty
16. Christian kingdom of Jerusalem <-- this is around 1099
15. Fatimid caliphate
14. Abbasid caliphate
13. Umayyad caliphate
12. Rashidun Caliphate <-- right after Muhammad dies
11. Byzantine empire
10. Roman empire <-- founding of Christianity
9. Hasmonean dynasty <-- BC flips to AD
8. Seleucid empire
7. Empire of Alexander the 3rd of Macedon
6. Persian empire
5. Babylonian empire
4. Kingdoms of Israel and Judea
3. Kingdom of Israel
2. Theocracy of the 12 tribes of Israel <-- first Jews
1. Individual state of Canaan <-- earliest archeological evidence of people in what is today called Israel
21. Modern state of Israel 20. British mandate 19. Ottoman empire 18. Islamic Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt 17. Ayyubid dynasty 16. Christian kingdom of Jerusalem <-- this is around 1099 15. Fatimid caliphate 14. Abbasid caliphate 13. Umayyad caliphate 12. Rashidun Caliphate <-- right after Muhammad dies 11. Byzantine empire 10. Roman empire <-- founding of Christianity 9. Hasmonean dynasty <-- BC flips to AD 8. Seleucid empire 7. Empire of Alexander the 3rd of Macedon 6. Persian empire 5. Babylonian empire 4. Kingdoms of Israel and Judea 3. Kingdom of Israel 2. Theocracy of the 12 tribes of Israel <-- first Jews 1. Individual state of Canaan <-- earliest archeological evidence of people in what is today called Israel
But please say more about the vital context.