Yes, a step where you do a structured extraction into a database column would be a potential solution. But, it requires a preprocessing step.
It all depends on the use-case, sometimes you get a query that you couldn't have predicted the filter beforehand. In those cases, usually what you have to do is open up a spreadsheet and then manually categorize every document by hand. LLMs and modern AI are great ways to automate this.
A really good solution might be to have a system that computes these filters on-the-fly, but also caches them for later reuse if a query asks for that filter again.
It all depends on the use-case, sometimes you get a query that you couldn't have predicted the filter beforehand. In those cases, usually what you have to do is open up a spreadsheet and then manually categorize every document by hand. LLMs and modern AI are great ways to automate this.
A really good solution might be to have a system that computes these filters on-the-fly, but also caches them for later reuse if a query asks for that filter again.