I feel like this is missing EMS and XMS memory. Both were well supported ways of getting more than 640k. EMS worked by page banking. 1 or 2 64k segments of memory would be changed to point to different 64k banks from an add on memory card. XMS just did a copy instead of a page bank IIRC. It's been a long time but I wrote DOS apps that used both to support more than 640k of memory using both standards.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_memory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_memory