Well, the main difference is that one you just click "yes" and the other you usually need to enter a password.
Then there is also polkit, which does something similar to sudo, but for a different usecase (authenticating unpriviledged process access to a priviledge process). Polkit to my knowledge can differentiate between actions to "always allow", "requires confirmation" (press yes) and "require password".
Then there is also polkit, which does something similar to sudo, but for a different usecase (authenticating unpriviledged process access to a priviledge process). Polkit to my knowledge can differentiate between actions to "always allow", "requires confirmation" (press yes) and "require password".