There's only so many people that are criminally predisposed. The org doing bike thefts will stop if the penalty is high enough. Singapore has low crime because they prosecute aggressively. No one seemed to fill in for arrested gang members in El Salvador (extreme example)
Then there are the crazy person punching an Asian lady on the subway crimes and these fall squarely in 1
Then there are the crazy person punching an Asian lady on the subway crimes and these fall squarely in 1