Here in Japan there are many public toilets (department stores, train stations, 7-11s, etc.). However, not all public toilets here are clean or anywhere I would advise people to use. A lot of train station toilets are just plain stinky (you'll pass out bad), I live off the beaten path so take that into perspective. On the other side of things, I have been out in the middle of no-where and the toilet at the only store in town was as clean as I have ever seen one.
As for trash cans, many train stations I use have bins located near the entry/exit gate where you can put it in the correct slot (burnable, plastic, bottle, etc).
As for trash cans, many train stations I use have bins located near the entry/exit gate where you can put it in the correct slot (burnable, plastic, bottle, etc).