A more recent case involved an attempted prosecution of an MIT professor. Going off journalistic reporting [0], the whole case was baseless—built on an incorrect understanding of key facts—and involved prosecutorial misconduct (illegal withholding of possibly exculpatory evidence).
[0] https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/gang-chen-c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_Chen_(engineer)#Federal_i...
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30082313 ("In the end, you're treated like a spy, says MIT scientist"; 446 comments)