Metallurgical microscopes illuminate the sample "from the top side". The actual implementation even goes as far as making sure the illumination happens on the optical axis of the objective (as if the light was emitted from your eyes/camera, reflected from the sample and then seen by your eyes/camera). They are also called reflected light or epi-illumination microscopes.
Biological microscopes, on the other hand illuminate the sample from the back side (which doesn't work for fully opaque objects).
Biological microscopes, on the other hand illuminate the sample from the back side (which doesn't work for fully opaque objects).