It's technically correct that a language specification is rarely precise enough to require compiler output to be deterministic.
But it's pragmatically true that engineers will want to murder you if your compiler is non-deterministic. All sorts of build systems, benchmark harnesses, supply chain validation tools, and other bits of surrounding ecosystem will shit the bed if the compiler doesn't produce bitwise identical output on the same input and compiler flags.
But it's pragmatically true that engineers will want to murder you if your compiler is non-deterministic. All sorts of build systems, benchmark harnesses, supply chain validation tools, and other bits of surrounding ecosystem will shit the bed if the compiler doesn't produce bitwise identical output on the same input and compiler flags.