Sodium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries that use sodium ions (Na+) as its charge carriers12.
They are similar to lithium-ion batteries in terms of working principle and cell construction, but they replace lithium with sodium as the intercalating ion1.
Sodium-ion batteries are cheaper to produce, safer to use, and operate better in extreme temperatures than lithium-ion batteries3.
However, sodium batteries of equal capacity are heavier and larger than their lithium equivalents3.
They are similar to lithium-ion batteries in terms of working principle and cell construction, but they replace lithium with sodium as the intercalating ion1.
Sodium-ion batteries are cheaper to produce, safer to use, and operate better in extreme temperatures than lithium-ion batteries3.
However, sodium batteries of equal capacity are heavier and larger than their lithium equivalents3.