For high-speed networking, exokernel concepts are now being used in the form of DPDK (user space) and eBPF/XDP (user code dynamically verified and loaded into kernel space). Exokernels aimed to move kernel functionalities not into a bunch of separate processes like microkernels, but into libraries. In the late 1990s, I worked on such a system which unfortunately fell victim to the dotcom crash.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exokernel