Comment by giaour

Iterating over the `char`s does not support the full range of what can be stored in a C# string (for instance, UTF-8 graphemes that are serialized as surrogate pairs are usually two `char`s in a C# string.

.Net provides a TextElementEnumerator that will iterate over graphemes instead: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.globaliz...

There's a fairly comprehensive guide to working with .net character encodings at https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/base-types... .