If you're thinking "The highest rate I need my signal to be able to replicate is X, so I should set my sampling rate to 2X," then you're wrong and this article gives several reasons why.
As far as I can tell, though, it doesn't mention what may be the most important reason (especially to the folks here at hackernews): resampling and processing.
This is why professional grade audio processing operates at a sample rate many multiples higher than human hearing. It's not because of the quality difference between, say, 192 and 96 kHz, but rather if you're resampling or iterating a process dozens of times at those rates, eventually artifacts will form and make their way into the range of human hearing (20 kHz).
As far as I can tell, though, it doesn't mention what may be the most important reason (especially to the folks here at hackernews): resampling and processing.
This is why professional grade audio processing operates at a sample rate many multiples higher than human hearing. It's not because of the quality difference between, say, 192 and 96 kHz, but rather if you're resampling or iterating a process dozens of times at those rates, eventually artifacts will form and make their way into the range of human hearing (20 kHz).