Came here with similar questions and Cmd-F "DuckDB". See the comment about "data loaders". Seems like a "data loader" would provide most of what you're asking about.
I'm also thinking that a "data loader" combined with duckdb-wasm and arrow would be a pretty nice combination. I imagine that it might not be too difficult to switch two between two implementations of the "data loader" as needed. Switch between reading from a remote system (in your case DuckDB on a server) and DuckDB running locally in the browser (that can interact with its own remote or local data sources).
I'm also thinking that a "data loader" combined with duckdb-wasm and arrow would be a pretty nice combination. I imagine that it might not be too difficult to switch two between two implementations of the "data loader" as needed. Switch between reading from a remote system (in your case DuckDB on a server) and DuckDB running locally in the browser (that can interact with its own remote or local data sources).
edit: welp https://observablehq.com/framework/lib/duckdb