In terms of apps no, it doesn't or basically it is the Mac App Store. You basically publish your app with all the dependencies and target a specific OS version which guarantees certain baseline frameworks. Apart from that, any update means publishing a new version to the App Store (if you are there). If you are self hosting the app, you need something like Sparkle to trigger app updates.
In terms of proper package management a la yum or apt, there is homebrew of course.
In terms of proper package management a la yum or apt, there is homebrew of course.