Comment by jitl

What's happening is that some MiTM Palo Alto networks system is intercepting the HTML contents of the page, waiting a bit, and then rendering that HTML content again in old Chrome on a separate machine. It's like if you go to a authenticated page that only you can see, like https://news.ycombinator.com/flagged?id=aaron695, did "View Source", copy-and-paste that source into a HTML file, and then you send me the HTML file and I open the HTML file on my computer.