Comment by js2

This reads a bit like "when all you have is a hammer" because it seems like what you want is a VM, not a container[^1]. Have you considered using VM software instead of Docker and using an Ubuntu VM directly? Some options:

https://mac.getutm.app/

https://tart.run/

https://orbstack.dev/ (using its "machines" functionality)

[^1]: Of course macOS docker is running a Linux VM under-the-hood, but that's an implementation detail.