Copper was not always easy to work with in semiconductor chips. When I started in the industry in the 1990's all the wiring was aluminum. Articles about copper for wiring were research projects and which company would be the first to get it to mass production.
IBM was the first in 1997 and then others followed.
That's how technology is. Things start out hard and with a lot of work and time we invent new methods.
Aluminum was once worth more than gold. Then we invented new processes of extraction and refinement.
IBM was the first in 1997 and then others followed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_interconnects
That's how technology is. Things start out hard and with a lot of work and time we invent new methods. Aluminum was once worth more than gold. Then we invented new processes of extraction and refinement.
https://clintonaluminum.com/aluminum-was-once-worth-more-tha...