Comment by karaterobot

It looks like they pay a VAT, plus a greenhouse tax. But the greenhouse tax seems relatively small, equivalent to around $100 USD—though there are many factors that would change that number a little bit. The VAT is much higher, something like 25% of the vehicle price. But I would not consider VAT a tax on car ownership, per se, since it is applied to many other goods, and we would not consider a VAT levied on, say, a microwave to be a tax on microwave ownership.