"For more than 150 trials, Carlisle got access to anonymized individual participant data (IPD). By studying the IPD spreadsheets, he judged that 44% of these trials contained at least some flawed data: impossible statistics, incorrect calculations or duplicated numbers or figures, for instance. And in 26% of the papers had problems that were so widespread that the trial was impossible to trust, he judged — either because the authors were incompetent, or because they had faked the data."
So, 70% fake/flawed. The finding falls in line with other large scale replication studies in medicine, which have had replication success rates ranging from 11 to 44%. [1] It's quite difficult to imagine why studies where a positive outcome is a gateway to billions of dollars in profits, while a negative outcome would result in substantial losses, might end up being somehow less than accurate.
So, 70% fake/flawed. The finding falls in line with other large scale replication studies in medicine, which have had replication success rates ranging from 11 to 44%. [1] It's quite difficult to imagine why studies where a positive outcome is a gateway to billions of dollars in profits, while a negative outcome would result in substantial losses, might end up being somehow less than accurate.
[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis#In_medicine