Comment by bduffany

Yes, and those work well for smaller workloads, but if you just run 1,000,000 commands with `&` in a `for` loop, it will grind your computer to a halt (if the tasks are modestly resource intensive). GNU parallel will let you run those same 1,000,000 tasks but make sure that only (e.g.) 16 of them are running at once. It's not easy to do that in bash.