The theory seems to be that a voltage spike can mangle an ADC re-calibration which results in large "corrections" to the acceleration position sensor resulting in unintended accelerations which "look" just like someone pushed down hard on the gas pedal.
Perhaps a better article here: https://www.carscoops.com/2023/07/feds-assess-allegations-th...
A very detailed paper by the fellow mentioned in that article here: https://www.autoevolution.com/pdf/news_attachements/breaking...