From the surprisingly good Aviation Instructor's Handbook [0]:
Learning Is an Active Process
Learners do not soak up knowledge like a sponge absorbs water. The instructor cannot assume that learners remember something just
because they were in the classroom, shop, or aircraft when the instructor presented the material. Neither can the instructor assume the
learners can apply what they know because they can quote the correct answer verbatim. For effective knowledge transfer, learners
need to react and respond, perhaps outwardly, perhaps only inwardly, emotionally, or intellectually.
Learning Is an Active Process Learners do not soak up knowledge like a sponge absorbs water. The instructor cannot assume that learners remember something just because they were in the classroom, shop, or aircraft when the instructor presented the material. Neither can the instructor assume the learners can apply what they know because they can quote the correct answer verbatim. For effective knowledge transfer, learners need to react and respond, perhaps outwardly, perhaps only inwardly, emotionally, or intellectually.
[0] https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/a...