Comment by moglito

The robot's manufacturer, of course, if the surgical robot was acting autonomously, i.e., unsupervised, as the title suggests. AI-trained or hard-coded doesn't matter. It's the manufacturer's responsibility to ensure their robots are safe or, when they cannot guarantee safety, abort and ask for help. This does not mean that surgery success has to 100% -- that's a different matter. But in the course of it's operation it shouldn't cause undue harm.