I think most of us are used to seeing literate programming in old articles, often by Knuth himself. One excellent, modern and practical example of literate programming can be found in Physically Based Rendering, by Pharr, Jakob and Humphreys. It's not just the industry-standard overview of rendering theory and contemporary techniques in a big ol' hardcover book, it's also the source for an advanced ray tracer incorporating these techniques. And written in modern C++, not ancient Pascal.
The 3rd edition can be read online here: https://www.pbr-book.org/